| Middle voice | se + verb: the event happens to the subject, with no agent | Se abrió la ventana. | The window opened. |
| Unintended event | the person affected takes the dative: me / te / le / nos / les | Se nos acabó el tiempo. | We ran out of time. |
| Agreement | the verb agrees with the thing, not with the person | Se me perdieron las llaves. | I lost my keys. |
| ir / irse | irse marks leaving a place; ir, the destination | Me voy de aquí. / Voy a casa de Ana. | I'm leaving here. / I'm going to Ana's house. |
| C1Pronominal verbs | the verb takes se and a fixed preposition | Me acuerdo de tu casa. | I remember your house. |
| C1Aspectual se | the delimited object is used up entirely | Felipe se comió un pollo él solo. | Felipe ate a whole chicken all by himself. |
| C1Possession | the dative names the owner; the body part takes an article | Se le cerraban los ojos. | His eyes were closing. |
| C2Possessive dative | an article or, for emphasis, a possessive; with body parts, only an article | Se hace la cama. ≠ Se hace su cama. | He makes the bed. ≠ He makes his bed. |
| Trap | se comes first among the unstressed pronouns | Se me perdió el pasaporte. | I lost my passport. |
| C1Trap | the preposition stays before que | Me di cuenta de que llegaba tarde. | I realised I was late. |