| First phrases | ser in the first phrases: soy / eres / es / son | Soy Ana. / ¿Eres Pablo? / Son las dos. | I'm Ana. / Are you Pablo? / It's two o'clock. |
| First phrases | vosotros: sois | ¿Vosotros sois hermanos? | Are you brothers? |
| A1Form | ser: soy / eres / es / somos / son | Soy de México. | I'm from Mexico. |
| A1Form | estar: estoy / estás / está / estamos / están | Estoy en casa. | I'm at home. |
| A1Form | vosotros: sois / estáis | ¿Sois hermanos? | Are you brothers? |
| A1Identity | ser: name, job, nationality, origin | Mi madre es médica. | My mother is a doctor. |
| A1Description | ser: what someone or something is like | La casa es grande. | The house is big. |
| A1Time and date | ser: the hour, the day, the date | Son las tres. | It's three o'clock. |
| A1Place | estar: where someone or something is | El banco está en la plaza. | The bank is in the square. |
| A1State | estar: how someone feels or how something is now | Estoy cansada. | I'm tired. |
| A2Result | estar + past participle: the result of a change | La tienda está cerrada. | The shop is closed. |
| A1Material | ser + de: what it is made of | La mesa es de madera. | The table is made of wood. |
| A2Owner | ser + de: whose it is | El libro es de Luis. | The book is Luis's. |
| A1Trap | a place that never moves still takes estar | Madrid está en España. | Madrid is in Spain. |