| Masculine | most nouns in -o | el libro | the book |
| Feminine | most nouns in -a | la casa | the house |
| Other endings | -e or a consonant: learn the article with the noun | el café / la noche | the coffee / the night |
| People | -o → -a | la niña / la amiga | the girl / the (female) friend |
| A2People in -or | the feminine adds -a | profesor → profesora | (female) teacher |
| A2One form for both | -ista, -nte: the article shows the sex | el estudiante / la estudiante | the (male) student / the (female) student |
| A2Feminine endings | -ción, -sión, -dad, -tad, -tud | la canción / la ciudad | the song / the city |
| A2Masculine endings | -aje, -or, and -ma in many nouns | el viaje / el problema | the trip / the problem |
| Agreement | articles and adjectives follow the noun | una casa blanca | a white house |
| A2Trap | día is masculine although it ends in -a | Buenos días. | Good morning. |
| A2Trap | mano is feminine although it ends in -o | Tengo las manos frías. | My hands are cold. |