| Initial letters | the first letters, or the initial of each word, with a full stop | adj. = adjetivo / a. C. = antes de Cristo | adj. = adjective / a. C. = before Christ |
| Contraction | letters in the middle are left out and a full stop ends the abbreviation | Fdo. = firmado / Sra. = señora | Fdo. = signed / Sra. = Mrs |
| Superscript letters | the initial, a full stop and the last letter in superscript | M.ª = María / n.º = número | M.ª = María / n.º = number |
| Slash | two initials joined by a slash, with no full stop | s/n = sin número · c/c = cuenta corriente | s/n = without a number · c/c = current account |
| Acronyms | the first time, the acronym goes in parentheses after the full name | La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicó un informe. | The World Health Organization (WHO) published a report. |
| Symbols | a sign with no letters stands for a word or an idea | © = derechos de autor | © = copyright |
| C1Chemical elements | capital initial, no full stop and no plural | Fe = hierro / Ca = calcio | Fe = iron / Ca = calcium |
| C1Slash and number sign | / announces more pages and # means “number” | Soy el jugador #7. | I'm player #7. |
| C2Fixed formulas | each part takes its own full stop and superscript letter | V.º B.º = visto bueno | V.º B.º = approved |
| C2Specialised texts | † marks a person who has died, and * a hypothetical or incorrect form | Juan Ramos † / *yo sabo ≠ yo sé | Juan Ramos † / *yo sabo ≠ I know |
| Trap | the full stop goes before the superscript letter | M.ª Luisa vive aquí. | María Luisa lives here. |
| Trap | an acronym is written in capitals, with no full stops | La OMS publicó un informe. | The WHO published a report. |