| Form | haya / hayas / hayamos / hayan + past participle | Me alegro de que hayas venido. | I'm glad you have come. |
| Form | hubiera / hubieras / hubiéramos / hubieran + past participle | Ojalá hubiera venido. | If only he had come. |
| Use | haya: a finished action in a period that reaches the present | Espero que hayas dormido bien. | I hope you have slept well. |
| Use | hubiera: an action before another past action, or one that did not happen | No creía que hubiera llegado. | I didn't think he had arrived. |
| Time | after cuando, a future action that comes before another | Cuando el jefe se haya ido, hablamos. | When the boss has gone, we'll talk. |
| Condition | si + hubiera + past participle | Si hubieras llegado antes, habrías visto el inicio. | If you had arrived earlier, you would have seen the beginning. |
| C1Form | a verb built on an irregular one keeps its participle | Dudo que lo haya descrito. / Ojalá lo hubiera devuelto. | I doubt he has described it. / If only he had returned it. |
| C1Use | after a negated belief, haya replaces the future perfect | No pienso que se haya quedado dormido. | I don't think he has fallen asleep. |
| C2Use | with a past reference, the imperfect can replace haya | No creo que haya salido anoche. / No creo que saliera anoche. | I don't think he went out last night. / I don't think he went out last night. |
| Trap | after a past-tense verb, hubiera and not había | Dudaba que lo hubiera hecho. | I doubted he had done it. |
| Trap | after cuando, haya and not habrá | Cuando haya terminado, te llamo. | When I've finished, I'll call you. |