| Omitted noun | article + de + complement: stands in for a known noun | Mi bolso es viejo, pero el de Marta es nuevo. | My bag is old, but Marta's is new. |
| Possessive | three readings; with de and a pronoun, only the theme | Encontré fotos de ti en el sobre. | I found photos of you in the envelope. |
| Several complements | the material complement comes before the purpose complement | Mi hermana vende mesas de madera para niños. | My sister sells wooden tables for children. |
| Between commas | the complement adds a detail and does not identify the noun | Mi abuelo, de pelo blanco, vive en Cuenca. | My grandfather, with white hair, lives in Cuenca. |
| Participle | passive reading, like a relative clause | Los candidatos elegidos reciben un diploma. | The selected candidates receive a diploma. |
| Relational adjective | stands right next to the noun and cannot be graded | Trabajo en una fábrica textil. | I work in a textile factory. |
| C1Omitted noun | the subject complement of ser names the missing noun | El de camarero es un trabajo duro. | The waiter's job is a hard one. |
| C1Action noun | two readings: the complement does the action or receives it | La crítica de Luis sorprendió a todos. | Luis's criticism surprised everyone. |
| C1un + noun + de + noun | the first noun gives the quality of the second | Mi vecina es un encanto de persona. | My neighbour is a gem of a person. |
| C2un + noun + de + noun | with a strong evaluation, it is the same as an adjective on the second noun | Me regalaron un horror de lámpara. | They gave me a horror of a lamp. |
| C1Trap | the noun keeps its preposition before que | El temor de que te vayas me quita el sueño. | The fear that you will leave keeps me awake. |
| C1Trap | the classifying adjective comes before the adjective of origin | Trabaja en la industria textil española. | She works in the Spanish textile industry. |