| Near me | este / esta / estos / estas | Este libro es nuevo. | This book is new. |
| Near you | ese / esa / esos / esas | ¿Cuánto cuesta esa mochila? | How much is that backpack? |
| Far from us both | aquel / aquella / aquellos / aquellas | Aquella casa es de mi abuela. | That house over there is my grandmother's. |
| Agreement | gender and number of the noun | Me gustan estos zapatos. | I like these shoes. |
| Alone | for a known noun, with no written accent | No quiero este libro; quiero ese. | I don't want this book; I want that one. |
| Neuter | esto, eso: a thing with no name yet | ¿Qué es esto? | What is this? |
| A2What was said | eso for what someone just said | Eso es verdad. | That's true. |
| A2Time | the present period: este año | Esta semana tengo exámenes. | I have exams this week. |
| Trap | before a noun, este, never esto | Quiero este pastel. | I want this cake. |
| Trap | introducing a person: este / esta | Este es mi hermano. | This is my brother. |