| ser | what someone or something is like | Mi jefe es simpático. | My boss is nice. |
| A2estar | a state now, or the result of a change | La puerta está abierta. | The door is open. |
| A2Always estar | contento / lleno / roto and other states | El vaso está roto. | The glass is broken. |
| B1parecer | parecer + adjective: the adjective agrees with the subject | Los niños parecen cansados. | The children look tired. |
| A2Opinion | es + adjective + infinitive | Es importante dormir bien. | It's important to sleep well. |
| Trap | bien and mal are adverbs: they take estar | Todo está bien. | Everything is fine. |
| A2Trap | muerto takes estar: death is a state | El pez está muerto. | The fish is dead. |