| Address | anywhere in the sentence, between commas | Прочита́йте, Ві́кторе, цю кни́жку. | Please, Viktor, read this book. |
| Ellipsis | an answer keeps only what is new | Щасли́вої доро́ги! — Дя́кую, і вам. | Have a good trip! — Thank you, you too. |
| Repetition | a doubled question word asks again | Окса́на ви́грала олімпіа́ду! — Хто-хто? | Oksana won the olympiad! — Who did you say? |
| Comparative | ніж, за or від | Окса́на моло́дша, ніж я. / Окса́на моло́дша за мене́. / Окса́на моло́дша від мене́. | Oksana is younger than I am. / Oksana is younger than me. / Oksana is younger than me. |
| Figurative comparison | як or мов and an image | Вода́ чи́ста, як сльоза́. | The water is clear as a tear. |
| Clarifying element | an apposition stands in the same case | Мій брат, лі́кар, живе́ в Оде́сі. | My brother, a doctor, lives in Odesa. |
| C1Rhetorical question | the answer is obvious, and nobody waits for it | Хто ж не лю́бить рі́дне мі́сто? | Who doesn't love their hometown? |
| C1Text | a question opens, repetition stresses | Що ми зна́ємо про рі́дне мі́сто? | What do we know about our hometown? |
| C2Address | the adjective is in the nominative, the noun in the vocative | Шано́вний па́не го́лово! | Dear Mr Chairman! |
| C2Confirmation question | чи не так after a statement | Ми всі хо́чемо ми́ру, чи не так?.. | We all want peace, don't we?.. |
| Trap | від takes the genitive | Окса́на моло́дша від мене́. | Oksana is younger than me. |
| C2Trap | a dash stands in place of the omitted verb | Я люблю́ я́блука, а Макси́м — гру́ші. | I like apples, and Maksym, pears. |