| -ний / -тий | a participle: which? changes like an adjective | Лист, напи́саний олівце́м, лежи́ть на столі́. | The letter, written in pencil, is lying on the table. |
| -ючи / -учи | an adverbial participle: at the same time | Чита́ючи текст, вона́ випи́сувала нові́ слова́. | Reading the text, she wrote out the new words. |
| -вши / -ши | an adverbial participle: done before | Прочита́вши лист, ма́ма всміхну́лася. | Having read the letter, Mum smiled. |
| Meaning | the phrase = a clause with яки́й / коли́ | лист, напи́саний олівце́м = лист, яки́й написа́ли олівце́м | the letter written in pencil = the letter that was written in pencil |
| Trap | the subject does the action of the adverbial participle | Поверну́вшись додо́му, ми повече́ряли. | Having come home, we had dinner. |
| Trap | for someone doing something, a clause with яки́й | Я ба́чу студе́нта, яки́й чита́є кни́жку. | I can see a student reading a book. |