Fiche mémo: Verbes

Verbes

Le verbe to be

Temps	Question			Affirmation			Négation
Temps	Verbe	Sujet	Reste	Sujet	Verbe	Reste	Sujet	Verbe	Reste
A2Futur	Will	I	be late?	I	will be	late.	I	won't be	late.
		you		You			You
		he		He			He
		she		She			She
		it		It			It
		we		We			We
		they		They			They

Présent	Am	I	late?	I	am	late.	I	am not	late.
	Are	you		You	are		You	aren't
	Is	he		He	is		He	isn't
		she		She			She
		it		It			It
	Are	we		We	are		We	aren't
	Are	they		They	are		They	aren't

A1Passé	Was	I	late?	I	was	late.	I	wasn't	late.
	Were	you		You	were		You	weren't
	Was	he		He	was		He	wasn't
		she		She			She
		it		It			It
	Were	we		We	were		We	weren't
	Were	they		They	were		They	weren't

Have et have got

Forme	have	have got
Affirmation : I / you / we / they	I have a car.	I've got a car.
Affirmation : he / she / it	She has a car.	She's got a car.
Négation : I / you / we / they	I don't have a car.	I haven't got a car.
Négation : he / she / it	He doesn't have a car.	He hasn't got a car.
Question : I / you / we / they	Do you have a car?	Have you got a car?
Question : he / she / it	Does she have a car?	Has she got a car?
Réponse courte	Yes, I do. / No, I don't.	Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Actions : seulement have	I have breakfast at 8.	—
Style	neutre, aussi à l’écrit	familier, surtout à l’oral

There is et there are

Forme	Singulier	Pluriel	Indénombrables
Affirmation	There is a park.	There are two parks.	There is some milk.
Forme contractée	There's a park.	—	There's some milk.
Négation	There isn't a park.	There aren't any parks.	There isn't any milk.
Question	Is there a park?	Are there any parks?	Is there any milk?
How many, how much	—	How many parks are there?	How much milk is there?
Réponse courte	Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.	Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.	Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.

L’impératif

Point	Règle	Exemple	Français
Affirmation	la base verbale pour toutes les personnes, sans sujet et sans -s	Open the door.	Ouvre la porte.
Négation	Don't + V, aussi devant be	Don't be late.	Ne sois pas en retard.
Suggestion	Let's + V : inclut celui qui parle et invite les autres à se joindre à lui	Let's go to the beach.	Allons à la plage.
Suggestion négative	Let's not + V	Let's not wait.	N’attendons pas.
Emploi	instructions, indications, ordres	Turn left and go straight on.	Tourne à gauche et continue tout droit.
Emploi	invitations, offres, avertissements	Come in. / Look out!	Entre. / Attention !
Politesse	please au début ou à la fin rend la demande plus aimable	Please sit down.	Assieds-toi, s’il te plaît.
Piège	après Don't et Let's : la base verbale, sans to	Don't open it. / Let's go.	Ne l’ouvre pas. / Allons-y.

Tableau des verbes irréguliers

Schéma	Base verbale	Prétérit simple	Participe passé
Les trois formes sont identiques	put	put	put
-ought / -aught	buy	bought	bought
Le prétérit et le participe se terminent en -d	make	made	made
B1Le -d final devient -t	build	built	built
A2La voyelle longue s’abrège, -t s’ajoute	keep	kept	kept
/iː/ s’abrège en /e/	meet	met	met
La voyelle change, prétérit = participe	sit	sat	sat
Participe = base verbale	come	came	come
i → a → u	drink	drank	drunk
Participe en -en	take	took	taken
participe en -n / -ne	go	went	gone
Emploi	—	actions terminées : I went to Madrid.	après have : I have gone there.

Phrasal verbs de base

Point	Règle	Exemple	Français
Phrasal verb	verbe + particule ; la particule donne au verbe un nouveau sens	I'm looking for my keys.	Je cherche mes clés.
Séparables	le nom se place avant ou après la particule	Turn off the light. / Turn the light off.	Éteins la lumière.
Inséparables	le complément suit toujours la particule	Look after the baby.	Occupe-toi du bébé.
Routine quotidienne	wake up, get up, put on, take off, turn on	She puts on her coat.	Elle met son manteau.
Aller et venir	go out, come in, come back, pick up	I pick up the children at three.	Je vais chercher les enfants à trois heures.
Chercher et découvrir	look for, look after, look up, find out, fill in	Look up the word.	Cherche le mot.
B1Continuer et arrêter	carry on, run out of, get on with, look forward to	We ran out of milk.	Nous n’avons plus de lait.
Piège	un verbe séparable prend le pronom au milieu	Turn it off.	Éteins-le.
B1Piège	look forward to se construit avec un nom ou la forme en -ing	I look forward to seeing you.	J’ai hâte de te voir.

Forme en -ing ou infinitif

Forme	Règle	Exemple	Français
verbe + -ing	après enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, suggest	I enjoy cooking.	J’aime cuisiner.
verbe + to + V	après want, decide, hope, plan, need	They decided to move.	Ils ont décidé de déménager.
want / need / would like + quelqu’un + to + V	une personne peut se placer avant to	I want you to come.	Je veux que tu viennes.
préposition + -ing	après une préposition : interested in, before, without	Wash your hands before eating.	Lave-toi les mains avant de manger.
-ing comme sujet	la forme en -ing fonctionne comme un nom	Swimming is good for you.	Nager est bon pour la santé.
look forward to + -ing	to est ici une préposition	I look forward to seeing you.	J’ai hâte de te voir.
stop + -ing / to + V	-ing signifie qu’il a arrêté ; to signifie qu’il s’est arrêté pour fumer	He stopped smoking. / He stopped to smoke.	Il a arrêté de fumer. / Il s’est arrêté pour fumer.
remember + -ing / to + V	-ing signifie se rappeler l’action ; to signifie ne pas oublier	I remember locking it. / Remember to lock it.	Je me souviens de l’avoir fermé à clé. / N’oublie pas de le fermer à clé.
try + -ing / to + V	-ing signifie tester quelque chose ; to signifie faire un effort	Try adding salt. / I tried to open it.	Essaie en ajoutant du sel. / J’ai essayé de l’ouvrir.
Les deux formes	like, love, hate, prefer : sens presque identique	I like swimming. / I like to swim.	J’aime nager. / J’aime nager.