Fiche mémo: Temps verbaux
Temps verbaux
Carte des temps
| Temps | Forme | Sens | Exemple |
|---|---|---|---|
| Présent simple | V / V-s | habitudes, faits, états permanents | I always walk to work. |
| Présent continu | am / is / are + V-ing | maintenant, situations temporaires | I'm working now. |
| A2Present perfect | have / has + V-ed | événements passés qui comptent maintenant | I've never been to Rome. |
| Prétérit simple | V-ed / irregular | événements terminés | I worked yesterday. |
| A2Prétérit continu | was / were + V-ing | en cours à un moment du passé | I was working at eight. |
| A2Used to | used to + V | habitudes et états passés qui n’existent plus | I used to swim when I was a child. |
| B1Past perfect | had + V-ed | avant un autre événement passé | She had left before I arrived. |
| Going to | am / is / are going to + V | projets, prédictions fondées sur des indices | We're going to cook tonight. |
| Présent continu pour le futur | am / is / are + V-ing | rendez-vous convenus | I'm leaving tomorrow. |
| A2Will | will + V | décisions, propositions, promesses, opinions | I think it'll rain. |
| A2Présent simple pour le futur | V / V-s | horaires | The train leaves at six. |
Temps simples
| Temps | Question | Affirmation | Négation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Sujet | Verbe | Sujet | Aux. | Verbe | Sujet | Aux. | Verbe | |||
| A2Futur | Will | I | work? | I | will | work. | I | won't | work. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Présent | Do | I | work? | I | work. | I | don't | work. | |||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| Does | he | He | works. | He | doesn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Do | we | We | work. | We | don't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Passé | Did | I | work? | I | worked. | I | didn't | work. | |||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Temps continus
| Temps | Question | Affirmation | Négation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Sujet | Verbe | Sujet | Aux. | Verbe | Sujet | Aux. | Verbe | |||
| B1Futur | Will | I | be working? | I | will be | working. | I | won't be | working. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Présent | Am | I | working? | I | am | working. | I | am not | working. | ||
| Are | you | You | are | You | aren't | ||||||
| Is | he | He | is | He | isn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Are | we | We | are | We | aren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| A2Passé | Was | I | working? | I | was | working. | I | wasn't | working. | ||
| Were | you | You | were | You | weren't | ||||||
| Was | he | He | was | He | wasn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Were | we | We | were | We | weren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Temps du perfect
| Temps | Question | Affirmation | Négation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Sujet | Verbe | Sujet | Aux. | Verbe | Sujet | Aux. | Verbe | |||
| Present perfect | Have | I | worked? | I | have | worked. | I | haven't | worked. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| Has | he | He | has | He | hasn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Have | we | We | have | We | haven't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| B1Past perfect | Had | I | worked? | I | had | worked. | I | hadn't | worked. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Formes du futur
| Point | Règle | Exemple | Français |
|---|---|---|---|
| am / is / are going to + V | projets et intentions ; prédictions fondées sur des indices | We're going to visit Granada. / Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. | Nous allons visiter Grenade. / Regarde ces nuages. Il va pleuvoir. |
| am / is / are + V-ing | présent continu : un rendez-vous convenu, avec une indication de temps futur | I'm seeing the dentist on Friday. | Vendredi, je vais chez le dentiste. |
| A2will / 'll / won't + V | décisions sur le moment, offres, promesses, opinions (I think) | It's cold. I'll close the window. / I think she'll win. | Il fait froid. Je vais fermer la fenêtre. / Je pense qu’elle gagnera. |
| A2V / V-s | présent simple : horaires | The train leaves at 6:15. | Le train part à 6 h 15. |
| B1Prédiction | opinion ou supposition (I think) : will ; indice actuel : going to | I think it'll be a good year. / Watch out! You're going to fall. | Je pense que ce sera une bonne année. / Attention ! Tu vas tomber. |
| B1Rendez-vous convenu ou intention | rendez-vous convenu : présent continu ; intention : going to | I'm meeting Sam at 8. / I'm going to learn Italian. | Je retrouve Sam à 8 h. / Je vais apprendre l’italien. |
| Piège | les projets prennent going to | I'm going to buy a car tomorrow. | Demain, je vais acheter une voiture. |
| A2Piège | will forme les questions à lui seul | Will you come? | Viendras-tu ? |
Used to
| Point | Règle | Exemple | Français |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affirmation | used to + V : identique pour tous les sujets | She used to live in Rome. | Avant, elle habitait à Rome. |
| Négation | didn't use to + V | We didn't use to have a car. | Avant, nous n’avions pas de voiture. |
| Question | Did + sujet + use to + V | Did you use to walk to school? — Yes, I did. | Allais-tu à l’école à pied ? — Oui, j’y allais. |
| Emploi | habitudes et états passés qui n’existent plus | I used to walk to school. / We used to have a dog. | Avant, j’allais à l’école à pied. / Avant, nous avions un chien. |
| Prétérit simple | un fait unique, ou une durée ou un nombre de fois précisés | I lived in Paris for two years. | J’ai habité à Paris pendant deux ans. |
| Position | always, often et never se placent avant used to | He always used to be late. | Il était toujours en retard. |
| Son | le d est muet : used to se prononce use-ta | I used to swim. | Avant, je nageais. |
| Piège | l’affirmation garde le d : used to | I used to play football. | Avant, je jouais au football. |
| Piège | après did et didn't le d disparaît : use to | I didn't use to like it. | Avant, je n’aimais pas ça. |