Ringkasan: Tenses
Tenses
Peta tenses
| Tense | Bentuk | Arti | Contoh |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | V / V-s | kebiasaan, fakta, keadaan permanen | I always walk to work. |
| Present Continuous | am / is / are + V-ing | sekarang, situasi sementara | I'm working now. |
| A2Present Perfect | have / has + V-ed | peristiwa lampau yang penting sekarang | I've never been to Rome. |
| Simple Past | V-ed / irregular | peristiwa yang sudah selesai | I worked yesterday. |
| A2Past Continuous | was / were + V-ing | sedang berlangsung pada suatu saat di masa lalu | I was working at eight. |
| A2Used to | used to + V | kebiasaan dan keadaan di masa lalu yang kini sudah berakhir | I used to swim when I was a child. |
| B1Past Perfect | had + V-ed | sebelum peristiwa lampau yang lain | She had left before I arrived. |
| Going to | am / is / are going to + V | rencana, prediksi berdasarkan bukti | We're going to cook tonight. |
| Present Continuous untuk masa depan | am / is / are + V-ing | rencana yang sudah disepakati | I'm leaving tomorrow. |
| A2Will | will + V | keputusan, tawaran, janji, pendapat | I think it'll rain. |
| A2Simple Present untuk masa depan | V / V-s | jadwal | The train leaves at six. |
Simple Tenses
| Tense | Pertanyaan | Pernyataan | Negatif | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Subjek | Kata kerja | Subjek | Aux. | Kata kerja | Subjek | Aux. | Kata kerja | |||
| A2Future | Will | I | work? | I | will | work. | I | won't | work. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Present | Do | I | work? | I | work. | I | don't | work. | |||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| Does | he | He | works. | He | doesn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Do | we | We | work. | We | don't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Past | Did | I | work? | I | worked. | I | didn't | work. | |||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Continuous Tenses
| Tense | Pertanyaan | Pernyataan | Negatif | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Subjek | Kata kerja | Subjek | Aux. | Kata kerja | Subjek | Aux. | Kata kerja | |||
| B1Future | Will | I | be working? | I | will be | working. | I | won't be | working. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Present | Am | I | working? | I | am | working. | I | am not | working. | ||
| Are | you | You | are | You | aren't | ||||||
| Is | he | He | is | He | isn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Are | we | We | are | We | aren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| A2Past | Was | I | working? | I | was | working. | I | wasn't | working. | ||
| Were | you | You | were | You | weren't | ||||||
| Was | he | He | was | He | wasn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Were | we | We | were | We | weren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Perfect Tenses
| Tense | Pertanyaan | Pernyataan | Negatif | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Subjek | Kata kerja | Subjek | Aux. | Kata kerja | Subjek | Aux. | Kata kerja | |||
| Present Perfect | Have | I | worked? | I | have | worked. | I | haven't | worked. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| Has | he | He | has | He | hasn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Have | we | We | have | We | haven't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| B1Past Perfect | Had | I | worked? | I | had | worked. | I | hadn't | worked. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Bentuk future
| Poin | Aturan | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| am / is / are going to + V | rencana dan niat; prediksi berdasarkan bukti | We're going to visit Granada. / Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. | Kami akan mengunjungi Granada. / Lihat awan-awan itu. Sebentar lagi akan hujan. |
| am / is / are + V-ing | present continuous: kesepakatan yang sudah pasti, dengan keterangan waktu masa depan | I'm seeing the dentist on Friday. | Saya ke dokter gigi hari Jumat. |
| A2will / 'll / won't + V | keputusan saat ini, tawaran, janji, pendapat (I think) | It's cold. I'll close the window. / I think she'll win. | Dingin. Saya akan menutup jendela. / Saya rasa dia akan menang. |
| A2V / V-s | simple present: jadwal | The train leaves at 6:15. | Kereta berangkat pukul 6.15. |
| B1Prediksi | pendapat atau tebakan (I think): will; bukti saat ini: going to | I think it'll be a good year. / Watch out! You're going to fall. | Saya rasa tahun ini akan menjadi tahun yang baik. / Awas! Kamu akan jatuh. |
| B1Kesepakatan atau niat | kesepakatan yang sudah pasti: present continuous; niat: going to | I'm meeting Sam at 8. / I'm going to learn Italian. | Saya akan bertemu Sam pukul 8. / Saya akan belajar bahasa Italia. |
| Jebakan | rencana memakai going to | I'm going to buy a car tomorrow. | Besok saya akan membeli mobil. |
| A2Jebakan | will membentuk pertanyaan tanpa kata kerja bantu lain | Will you come? | Apakah kamu akan datang? |
Used to
| Poin | Aturan | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positif | used to + V: sama untuk semua subjek | She used to live in Rome. | Dulu dia tinggal di Roma. |
| Negatif | didn't use to + V | We didn't use to have a car. | Dulu kami tidak punya mobil. |
| Pertanyaan | Did + subjek + use to + V | Did you use to walk to school? — Yes, I did. | Apakah dulu kamu berjalan kaki ke sekolah? — Ya, dulu begitu. |
| Penggunaan | kebiasaan dan keadaan di masa lalu yang kini sudah berakhir | I used to walk to school. / We used to have a dog. | Dulu saya berjalan kaki ke sekolah. / Dulu kami punya anjing. |
| Simple Past | peristiwa tunggal, atau waktu atau jumlah yang disebutkan | I lived in Paris for two years. | Saya tinggal di Paris selama dua tahun. |
| Posisi | always, often, dan never diletakkan sebelum used to | He always used to be late. | Dulu dia selalu terlambat. |
| Bunyi | huruf d tidak dibaca: used to terdengar seperti use-ta | I used to swim. | Dulu saya berenang. |
| Jebakan | bentuk positif mempertahankan huruf d: used to | I used to play football. | Dulu saya bermain sepak bola. |
| Jebakan | setelah did dan didn't huruf d hilang: use to | I didn't use to like it. | Dulu saya tidak menyukainya. |