Guía rápida: Tiempos verbales
Tiempos verbales
Mapa de los tiempos
| Tiempo | Forma | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presente simple | V / V-s | hábitos, hechos, estados permanentes | I always walk to work. |
| Presente continuo | am / is / are + V-ing | ahora, situaciones temporales | I'm working now. |
| A2Presente perfecto | have / has + V-ed | hechos pasados que importan ahora | I've never been to Rome. |
| Pasado simple | V-ed / irregular | hechos terminados | I worked yesterday. |
| A2Pasado continuo | was / were + V-ing | en curso en un momento del pasado | I was working at eight. |
| A2Used to | used to + V | hábitos y estados pasados que ya no existen | I used to swim when I was a child. |
| B1Pasado perfecto | had + V-ed | antes de otro hecho pasado | She had left before I arrived. |
| Going to | am / is / are going to + V | planes, predicciones con pruebas | We're going to cook tonight. |
| Presente continuo para el futuro | am / is / are + V-ing | planes acordados | I'm leaving tomorrow. |
| A2Will | will + V | decisiones, ofrecimientos, promesas, opiniones | I think it'll rain. |
| A2Presente simple para el futuro | V / V-s | horarios | The train leaves at six. |
Tiempos simples
| Tiempo | Pregunta | Afirmación | Negación | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Sujeto | Verbo | Sujeto | Aux. | Verbo | Sujeto | Aux. | Verbo | |||
| A2Futuro | Will | I | work? | I | will | work. | I | won't | work. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Presente | Do | I | work? | I | work. | I | don't | work. | |||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| Does | he | He | works. | He | doesn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Do | we | We | work. | We | don't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Pasado | Did | I | work? | I | worked. | I | didn't | work. | |||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Tiempos continuos
| Tiempo | Pregunta | Afirmación | Negación | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Sujeto | Verbo | Sujeto | Aux. | Verbo | Sujeto | Aux. | Verbo | |||
| B1Futuro | Will | I | be working? | I | will be | working. | I | won't be | working. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Presente | Am | I | working? | I | am | working. | I | am not | working. | ||
| Are | you | You | are | You | aren't | ||||||
| Is | he | He | is | He | isn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Are | we | We | are | We | aren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| A2Pasado | Was | I | working? | I | was | working. | I | wasn't | working. | ||
| Were | you | You | were | You | weren't | ||||||
| Was | he | He | was | He | wasn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Were | we | We | were | We | weren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Tiempos perfectos
| Tiempo | Pregunta | Afirmación | Negación | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aux. | Sujeto | Verbo | Sujeto | Aux. | Verbo | Sujeto | Aux. | Verbo | |||
| Presente perfecto | Have | I | worked? | I | have | worked. | I | haven't | worked. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| Has | he | He | has | He | hasn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Have | we | We | have | We | haven't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| B1Pasado perfecto | Had | I | worked? | I | had | worked. | I | hadn't | worked. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Formas de futuro
| Aspecto | Regla | Ejemplo | Español |
|---|---|---|---|
| am / is / are going to + V | planes e intenciones; predicciones con evidencia | We're going to visit Granada. / Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. | Vamos a visitar Granada. / Mira esas nubes. Va a llover. |
| am / is / are + V-ing | presente continuo: un plan acordado, con una referencia de futuro | I'm seeing the dentist on Friday. | El viernes voy al dentista. |
| A2will / 'll / won't + V | decisiones en el momento, ofrecimientos, promesas, opiniones (I think) | It's cold. I'll close the window. / I think she'll win. | Hace frío. Cerraré la ventana. / Creo que ganará. |
| A2V / V-s | presente simple: horarios | The train leaves at 6:15. | El tren sale a las 6:15. |
| B1Predicción | opinión o suposición (I think): will; evidencia actual: going to | I think it'll be a good year. / Watch out! You're going to fall. | Creo que será un buen año. / ¡Cuidado! Te vas a caer. |
| B1Plan acordado o intención | plan acordado: presente continuo; intención: going to | I'm meeting Sam at 8. / I'm going to learn Italian. | Me veo con Sam a las 8. / Voy a aprender italiano. |
| Trampa | los planes llevan going to | I'm going to buy a car tomorrow. | Mañana voy a comprar un auto. |
| A2Trampa | will forma preguntas por sí solo | Will you come? | ¿Vendrás? |
Used to
| Aspecto | Regla | Ejemplo | Español |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afirmación | used to + V: igual para todos los sujetos | She used to live in Rome. | Antes vivía en Roma. |
| Negación | didn't use to + V | We didn't use to have a car. | Antes no teníamos auto. |
| Pregunta | Did + sujeto + use to + V | Did you use to walk to school? — Yes, I did. | ¿Ibas a la escuela caminando? — Sí, iba. |
| Uso | hábitos y estados del pasado que ya terminaron | I used to walk to school. / We used to have a dog. | Antes iba a la escuela caminando. / Antes teníamos un perro. |
| Pasado simple | un hecho único, o un tiempo o número de veces indicado | I lived in Paris for two years. | Viví en París durante dos años. |
| Posición | always, often y never van antes de used to | He always used to be late. | Siempre llegaba tarde. |
| Sonido | la letra d es muda: used to suena como use-ta | I used to swim. | Antes nadaba. |
| Trampa | la afirmación conserva la d: used to | I used to play football. | Antes jugaba al fútbol. |
| Trampa | después de did y didn't la d desaparece: use to | I didn't use to like it. | Antes no me gustaba. |