Le verbe to beA0–A2
Am, is, are, was, were et will be : le verbe pour le nom, l’âge, la nationalité, la profession, les sentiments et le lieu. Be n’a pas besoin d’auxiliaire et le sujet est toujours exprimé : Are you a student? It is cold.
Aucune information au niveau actuel. Cet affichage commence au niveau A0 : choisissez A0 ou un niveau supérieur.
Aucune information au niveau actuel. Cet affichage commence au niveau A0 : choisissez A0 ou un niveau supérieur.
Fiche mémoA0–A2
| Temps | Question | Affirmation | Négation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbe | Sujet | Reste | Sujet | Verbe | Reste | Sujet | Verbe | Reste | |||
| A2Futur | Will | I | be late? | I | will be | late. | I | won't be | late. | ||
| you | You | You | |||||||||
| he | He | He | |||||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| we | We | We | |||||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| Présent | Am | I | late? | I | am | late. | I | am not | late. | ||
| Are | you | You | are | You | aren't | ||||||
| Is | he | He | is | He | isn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Are | we | We | are | We | aren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
| A1Passé | Was | I | late? | I | was | late. | I | wasn't | late. | ||
| Were | you | You | were | You | weren't | ||||||
| Was | he | He | was | He | wasn't | ||||||
| she | She | She | |||||||||
| it | It | It | |||||||||
| Were | we | We | were | We | weren't | ||||||
| they | They | They | |||||||||
Vue d’ensembleA0
be a sa propre forme à chaque temps : will be pour le futur, am / is / are pour le présent, was / were pour le passé.
- Le verbe be n’a pas besoin d’auxiliaire : dans les questions il se place avant le sujet, dans les négations il prend not.
- Les formes du présent et du passé changent selon la personne ; will be est identique pour tous.
- you prend are et were, pour une personne comme pour plusieurs.
Présent : formes contractéesA0
| Sujet | Forme pleine | Forme contractée |
|---|---|---|
| I | I am a student. | I'm a student. |
| you | You are late. | You're late. |
| he | He is at home. | He's at home. |
| she | She is happy. | She's happy. |
| it | It is cold. | It's cold. |
| we | We are friends. | We're friends. |
| they | They are teachers. | They're teachers. |
- À l’oral et dans les messages, on emploie les formes contractées.
- Négations : isn't et aren't sont les formes usuelles ; I'm not est la seule forme contractée avec I.
- Un sujet nom prend is (singulier) ou are (pluriel) : My parents are doctors. — Mes parents sont médecins.
Présent : questions et réponses courtesA0
| Forme | Exemple | Français |
|---|---|---|
| be + sujet | Are you a student? | Es-tu étudiant ? |
| mot interrogatif + be + sujet | Where are you from? | D’où viens-tu ? |
| mot interrogatif + be + sujet | What is your name? | Comment t’appelles-tu ? |
| mot interrogatif + be + sujet | How old are you? | Quel âge as-tu ? |
| mot interrogatif + be + sujet | How are you? | Comment vas-tu ? |
- Une réponse courte reprend be ; la réponse affirmative prend la forme pleine : Are you tired? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. — Es-tu fatigué ? — Oui, je le suis ; non, je ne le suis pas.
Passé : was et wereA1
| Forme | I / he / she / it | you / we / they |
|---|---|---|
| + | I was at home. | We were at home. |
| − | She wasn't at home. | They weren't at home. |
| ? | Was he at home? | Were you at home? |
- Une réponse courte reprend was / were : Were you there? — Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. — Étais-tu là ? — Oui, j’y étais ; non, je n’y étais pas.
- Pour la naissance, on emploie was / were born : I was born in 1995. — Je suis né en 1995.
- Mots de temps : yesterday, last night, last week, in 2010.
Futur : will beA2
| Emploi | Exemple | Français |
|---|---|---|
| Un état ou un lieu futur | I'll be at home tomorrow. | Demain, je serai à la maison. |
| Prédictions | It will be sunny at the weekend. | Il fera beau ce week-end. |
| Questions sur le futur | Will you be there? | Seras-tu là ? |
- Formes contractées : I'll be, she'll be, won't be.
- Plus sur will : Temps simples.
EmploiA0
| Emploi | Exemple | Français |
|---|---|---|
| Nom | My name is Anna. | Je m’appelle Anna. |
| Âge | I'm 20. / He is 30 years old. | J’ai 20 ans. / Il a 30 ans. |
| Nationalité et origine | She's Spanish. / We're from Madrid. | Elle est espagnole. / Nous sommes de Madrid. |
| Profession | He's a teacher. | Il est professeur. |
| Description | The house is big. | La maison est grande. |
| Sentiments et états | I'm hungry. / They're tired. | J’ai faim. / Ils sont fatigués. |
| Lieu | The keys are on the table. | Les clés sont sur la table. |
| Météo, heure, dates | It's sunny. / It's 5 o'clock. | Il y a du soleil. / Il est cinq heures. |
- Une profession prend a / an : He is a teacher. Voir Articles : a, an, the.
- La météo et l’heure ont pour sujet it : It is cold. Pour there is, voir There is et there are.
Erreurs fréquentesA0–A2
| ✗ | ✓ | Règle |
|---|---|---|
| Do you be a student? | Are you a student? | be forme les questions à lui seul |
| She are happy. | She is happy. | he / she / it → is |
| A1We was at home. | We were at home. | you / we / they → were |
| A1Did you be at home? | Were you at home? | be forme à lui seul les questions au passé |
| A2I will at home tomorrow. | I will be at home tomorrow. | will + be |