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Cheatsheet: Objects and Complements

Verbs

Objects and Complements

PointRuleExample
Two objectsperson first, or last after to or forHe gave her a book. / He gave a book to her.
To or forto after give, send, show; for after buy, make, cookShe sent a card to him. / He made a cake for her.
Object and complementthe object takes an adjective, a noun or as and a nounThis makes me happy. / They elected him president. / They regard him as a hero.
Both waysbreak, open, start, move: with an object or withoutThe window broke. / He broke the window.
Pairsrise, lie and arrive take no object; raise, lay and reach need onePrices rise. / They raise prices.
Reciprocalmeet, marry and kiss take the other person directlyWe met. / I met him.
C1Object and -ingcatch, find, keep and leave take an object and an -ing formI caught him stealing. / Don't keep me waiting.
C1Resultan adjective after the object says how the action leaves itShe wiped the table clean. / He shouted himself hoarse.
C1Adverbialput, live, last and cost need a place, a time or an amountPut it on the table. / It costs five pounds.
C1Fake objectsa noun from the verb's own root, or it with no meaningShe lived a happy life. / They hit it off.
Trapexplain, suggest and say take the person after toShe explained the rule to me.
C1Traplast takes a length of time directly, with no forThe film lasts two hours.

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