Cheatsheet: Pronouns

Pronouns

Point	Pronouns	Rule	Example
Subject	I / you / he / she / it / we / they	goes before the verb	She's a teacher.
A1Object	me / you / him / her / it / us / them	goes after a verb or a preposition	Can you help me?
Possessive + noun	my / your / his / her / its / our / their	goes before a noun, with no article	My name is Tom.
A1Possessive alone	mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs	stands alone, without a noun	This bag is mine.
Weather, time	it	no real subject: it fills the place	It's cold today.
Trap	its	its has no apostrophe; it's = it is	The dog wants its food.
A1Trap	yours / hers / ours / theirs	no apostrophe	Is this yours?

Point	Words	Rule	Example
some-	somebody / someone / something / somewhere	affirmative sentences, offers and requests	I saw somebody in the garden.
any-	anybody / anyone / anything / anywhere	after not and in questions	I didn't see anybody. / Did anyone call?
no-	nobody / no one / nothing / nowhere	the verb stays affirmative: one negative word	I saw nothing.
every-	everybody / everyone / everything / everywhere	means all	Everything is ready.
Verb	everybody	indefinite pronouns take a singular verb	Everybody is here.
Trap	nobody	negative subject → nobody	Nobody came.

Point	Rule	Example
myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself	singular forms end in -self	She talks to herself.
ourselves / yourselves / themselves	plural forms end in -selves; yourselves = several people	They looked at themselves in the mirror.
Same person	the object is the same person as the subject	I burnt myself in the kitchen.
Emphasis	that person and nobody else	I made the cake myself.
by + reflexive	alone, without help	He lives by himself.
Routine verbs	everyday verbs stand alone: get dressed, relax, sit down	I get dressed quickly.
each other	each person → the other person	They looked at each other.
Trap	him + self / them + selves	He hurt himself. / They enjoyed themselves.