| Agreeing | So / Neither + helper + subject; informally Me too / Me neither | I like tea. — So do I. |
| So and not | so or not replaces a clause after think, hope and suppose | Is it open? — I think so. |
| One | one or ones replaces a countable noun | I like the red one. |
| Do so | do so is formal; do it and do that are informal | I asked him to leave, and he did so. |
| Coordination | the second clause drops a repeated verb or auxiliary | Tom likes tea and Ann coffee. |
| To | to stays when its verb goes | Come if you want to. |
| Reduced clause | the subject and be go after if, when and although | If necessary, call me. |
| C1Nouns | those, that of and the latter point back to a noun | Prices here are higher than those in town. |
| C1Speech | the start of a clause goes: the subject and the first auxiliary | Got a minute? |
| C1A whole clause | it, this, that and which refer to a whole clause | He passed, which surprised us. |
| C1Short replies | a wh-question gets the missing phrase alone; a stripped clause adds one phrase | Tom left, and Ann too. |
| Trap | neither and nor are negative, so the auxiliary stays positive | I can't swim. — Neither can I. |