Kalimat tak langsungB1

Sunting di

Kalimat tak langsung menyampaikan apa yang dikatakan seseorang tanpa mengutipnya, dengan say, tell dan ask. Setelah kata kerja dalam bentuk past, tense bergeser satu langkah ke belakang dan pertanyaan memakai urutan kalimat pernyataan: She asked where I lived.

Tidak ada informasi pada tingkat saat ini. Tampilan ini dimulai dari B1: pilih B1 atau tingkat yang lebih tinggi.

RingkasanB1

Poin	Aturan	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
say	say + (that) + klausa; tanpa orang, atau to + seseorang	She said (that) she was tired.	Dia berkata bahwa dia lelah.
tell	tell + seseorang + (that) + klausa	She told me (that) she was tired.	Dia memberi tahu saya bahwa dia lelah.
simple present / present continuous	→ simple past / past continuous	He said he worked there. / She said she was waiting.	Dia berkata bahwa dia bekerja di sana. / Dia berkata bahwa dia sedang menunggu.
simple past / present perfect	→ past perfect	He said he had left. / She said she had finished.	Dia berkata bahwa dia sudah pergi. / Dia berkata bahwa dia sudah selesai.
will / can / must	→ would / could / had to	He said he would call. / She said she could swim.	Dia berkata bahwa dia akan menelepon. / Dia berkata bahwa dia bisa berenang.
Tidak berubah	would, could, should, might; fakta yang masih benar; setelah says (present)	She said she lives in Paris. / She says she is tired.	Dia berkata bahwa dia tinggal di Paris. / Dia bilang dia lelah.
Kata ganti dan keterangan waktu	kata ganti mengikuti pembicara; today → that day, tomorrow → the next day	Anna said she was tired.	Anna berkata bahwa dia lelah.
Pertanyaan	pertanyaan ya/tidak memakai if atau whether; pertanyaan wh- tetap memakai kata tanya wh	She asked if I liked tea.	Dia bertanya apakah saya suka teh.
Perintah	told / asked + seseorang + (not) to + V	He told us not to be late.	Dia menyuruh kami agar tidak terlambat.
Jebakan	pertanyaan tak langsung memakai urutan kalimat pernyataan, tanpa do / does / did	She asked me where I lived.	Dia bertanya di mana saya tinggal.

Bentuk: say dan tellB1

Kata kerja	Pola	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
say	say + (that) + klausa	She said (that) she was tired.	Dia berkata bahwa dia lelah.
tell	tell + seseorang + (that) + klausa	She told me (that) she was tired.	Dia memberi tahu saya bahwa dia lelah.
say	say + to + seseorang	She said to me that she was tired.	Dia berkata kepada saya bahwa dia lelah.

tell selalu diikuti orang. say dipakai tanpa orang, atau dengan to + seseorang.

Bentuk: pergeseran tense (backshift)B1

Setelah kata kerja pelapor dalam bentuk past (said, told, asked), tense biasanya bergeser satu langkah ke belakang.

Kalimat langsung	Kalimat tak langsung	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
simple present	simple past	“I work here.” → He said he worked there.	“Saya bekerja di sini.” Dia berkata bahwa dia bekerja di sana.
present continuous	past continuous	“I'm waiting.” → She said she was waiting.	“Saya sedang menunggu.” Dia berkata bahwa dia sedang menunggu.
simple past	past perfect	“I left.” → He said he had left.	“Saya pergi.” Dia berkata bahwa dia sudah pergi.
present perfect	past perfect	“I've finished.” → She said she had finished.	“Saya sudah selesai.” Dia berkata bahwa dia sudah selesai.
will	would	“I'll call.” → He said he would call.	“Saya akan menelepon.” Dia berkata bahwa dia akan menelepon.
must	had to	“I must go.” → She said she had to go.	“Saya harus pergi.” Dia berkata bahwa dia harus pergi.
can	could	“I can swim.” → She said she could swim.	“Saya bisa berenang.” Dia berkata bahwa dia bisa berenang.

would, could, should dan might tidak berubah.
Tense boleh tetap sama jika faktanya masih benar: She said she lives in Paris. — Dia berkata bahwa dia tinggal di Paris.
Setelah says (present), tense tetap sama: She says she is tired. — Dia bilang dia lelah.

Bentuk: kata ganti dan keterangan waktuB1

Kalimat langsung	Kalimat tak langsung
I / my	he / she / his / her
we / our	they / their
this / these	that / those
here	there
now	then
today	that day
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
yesterday	the day before / the previous day
last week	the week before
next week	the week after / the following week
ago	before

Kata ganti mengikuti pembicara: “I'm tired,” said Anna → Anna said she was tired. — “Saya lelah,” kata Anna. Anna berkata bahwa dia lelah.
Keterangan waktu tidak berubah jika laporan disampaikan pada hari yang sama.

Bentuk: pertanyaan tak langsungB1

Pertanyaan	Kalimat langsung	Kalimat tak langsung
Yes / no	“Do you like tea?” — “Apakah kamu suka teh?”	She asked if I liked tea. — Dia bertanya apakah saya suka teh.
Wh-	“Where do you live?” — “Di mana kamu tinggal?”	She asked where I lived. — Dia bertanya di mana saya tinggal.
Wh-	“What is your name?” — “Siapa namamu?”	She asked what my name was. — Dia bertanya siapa nama saya.

Pertanyaan tak langsung memakai urutan kalimat pernyataan: subjek + kata kerja, tanpa do / does / did.
Pertanyaan Yes / no memakai if atau whether. Kalimat diakhiri dengan titik.
Tense dan kata ganti berubah seperti dalam kalimat pernyataan.

Bentuk: perintah tak langsungB1

Jenis	Pola	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
Perintah	told + seseorang + to + V	“Sit down.” → He told me to sit down.	“Duduklah.” Dia menyuruh saya duduk.
Permintaan	asked + seseorang + to + V	“Please help.” → She asked me to help.	“Tolong bantu.” Dia meminta saya membantu.
Negatif	told + seseorang + not to + V	“Don't be late.” → He told us not to be late.	“Jangan terlambat.” Dia menyuruh kami agar tidak terlambat.

Kesalahan umumB1

✗	✓	Aturan
She said me that she was tired.	She told me that she was tired. / She said that she was tired.	say tanpa orang; tell memerlukan orang
He told that he was late.	He said that he was late.	tell memerlukan orang
She asked me where did I live.	She asked me where I lived.	pertanyaan tak langsung memakai urutan kalimat pernyataan
He asked me do I like tea.	He asked me if I liked tea.	pertanyaan yes / no → if / whether
He said me to sit down.	He told me to sit down.	told + seseorang + to + V
He said he will come.	He said he would come.	will → would setelah kata kerja past