Konjungsi dan kata penghubungA1–B1

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Kata penghubung menyatukan gagasan: and menambahkan, but menyatakan pertentangan, or menawarkan pilihan, because memberi alasan, dan so menyatakan akibat. Koma diletakkan sebelum but dan so di antara dua klausa: I was tired, so I left.

Tidak ada informasi pada tingkat saat ini. Tampilan ini dimulai dari A1: pilih A1 atau tingkat yang lebih tinggi.

RingkasanA1–B1

Poin	Aturan	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
and, or	and menambahkan gagasan, or memberi pilihan; biasanya tanpa koma di depannya	I like tea and coffee. / Do you want tea or coffee?	Saya suka teh dan kopi. / Kamu mau teh atau kopi?
but, so	but menyatakan pertentangan, so menyatakan akibat; biasanya ada koma di depannya	I like tea, but I don't like coffee. / I'm tired, so I go to bed.	Saya suka teh, tetapi saya tidak suka kopi. / Saya lelah, jadi saya pergi tidur.
because	memberi alasan; diikuti klausa	I'm tired because I work late.	Saya lelah karena saya bekerja sampai larut.
A2when, before, after	klausa waktu; simple present membicarakan masa depan	When I arrive, I'll call you.	Ketika saya tiba, saya akan meneleponmu.
A2also, too	also diletakkan sebelum kata kerja utama dan setelah be; too diletakkan di akhir	I also speak French. / I speak French too.	Saya juga berbicara bahasa Prancis. / Saya berbicara bahasa Prancis juga.
B1however	membuka kalimat baru; diikuti koma	It was raining. However, we went out.	Hari hujan. Namun, kami tetap keluar.
B1so that	menyatakan tujuan; diikuti klausa	I left early so that I could catch the bus.	Saya berangkat lebih awal agar bisa mengejar bus.
B1unless	unless berarti if … not	We stay in unless it stops raining.	Kami tinggal di rumah kecuali hujan berhenti.
A2Jebakan	because of diikuti kata benda	We stayed in because of the rain.	Kami tinggal di rumah karena hujan.
B1Jebakan	although menghubungkan dua klausa dan menggantikan but	Although it was raining, we went out.	Meskipun hujan turun, kami keluar.

Kata penghubung dasar: and, but, or, because, soA1–A2

Kata penghubung	Penggunaan	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
and	menambahkan gagasan	I like tea and coffee.	Saya suka teh dan kopi.
but	menyatakan pertentangan	I like tea, but I don't like coffee.	Saya suka teh, tetapi saya tidak suka kopi.
or	memberi pilihan	Do you want tea or coffee?	Kamu mau teh atau kopi?
because	memberi alasan	I'm tired because I work late.	Saya lelah karena saya bekerja sampai larut.
so	menyatakan akibat	I'm tired, so I go to bed.	Saya lelah, jadi saya pergi tidur.

Di antara dua klausa lengkap, but dan so biasanya didahului koma: I was tired, so I left. — Saya lelah, jadi saya pergi.
and, or, dan because biasanya tidak didahului koma.
because diikuti klausa: subjek dan kata kerja.
A2because of diikuti kata benda: We stayed in because of the rain. — Kami tinggal di rumah karena hujan.

Kata penghubung waktu: when, before, after, thenA2

Kata penghubung	Pola	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
when	when + klausa	When I get home, I cook.	Ketika saya sampai di rumah, saya memasak.
before	before + klausa	I wash my hands before I eat.	Saya mencuci tangan sebelum makan.
after	after + klausa	We go home after the film ends.	Kami pulang setelah film selesai.
then	klausa, then + klausa	I had lunch, then I went home.	Saya makan siang, lalu saya pulang.

Klausa waktu di awal kalimat diikuti koma: When it rains, we stay in. — Ketika hujan turun, kami tinggal di rumah.
Setelah when, before, dan after simple present membicarakan masa depan: When I arrive, I'll call you. — Ketika saya tiba, saya akan meneleponmu.

Penambahan: also, too, as well as, in additionA2–B1

Kata penghubung	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
also	I also speak French. / She is also a nurse.	Saya juga berbicara bahasa Prancis. / Dia juga seorang perawat.
too	I speak French too.	Saya berbicara bahasa Prancis juga.
B1as well as	She speaks French as well as Spanish.	Dia berbicara bahasa Prancis di samping bahasa Spanyol.
B1in addition	In addition, the hotel has a pool.	Selain itu, hotel itu punya kolam renang.

also diletakkan sebelum kata kerja utama dan setelah be. too diletakkan di akhir.
B1as well as diikuti kata benda atau bentuk -ing.
B1in addition membuka kalimat dan diikuti koma.

Pertentangan: although, however, whileB1

Kata penghubung	Pola	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
although	although + klausa, klausa	Although it was raining, we went out.	Meskipun hujan turun, kami keluar.
however	sentence. However, sentence	It was raining. However, we went out.	Hari hujan. Namun, kami tetap keluar.
while	while + klausa, klausa	While I like tea, my wife prefers coffee.	Sementara saya suka teh, istri saya lebih suka kopi.

although menghubungkan dua klausa dalam satu kalimat dan menggantikan but.
even though adalah although yang lebih kuat: Even though I was tired, I went out. — Walaupun saya lelah, saya tetap keluar.
however biasanya membuka kalimat baru dan diikuti koma.
while juga berarti pada saat yang sama: I read while I eat. — Saya membaca sambil makan.

Tujuan dan syarat: so that, unlessB1

Kata penghubung	Pola	Contoh	Bahasa Indonesia
so that	so that + klausa	I left early so that I could catch the bus.	Saya berangkat lebih awal agar bisa mengejar bus.
unless	unless = if … not	We stay in unless it stops raining.	Kami tinggal di rumah kecuali hujan berhenti.

Selengkapnya tentang unless: Kalimat conditional: zero, first, dan second.

Kesalahan umumA2–B1

✗	✓	Aturan
B1Although it was raining, but we went out.	Although it was raining, we went out.	although menggantikan but
We stayed in because the rain.	We stayed in because of the rain.	because + klausa, because of + kata benda
We stayed in because of it was raining.	We stayed in because it was raining.	because of + hanya kata benda
B1It was cold, however we went out.	It was cold. However, we went out.	however membuka kalimat baru dan diikuti koma
I speak French also.	I also speak French. / I speak French too.	also diletakkan sebelum kata kerja utama, too di akhir