Must dan have toA2
Must dan have to untuk kewajiban; mustn't untuk larangan; don't have to untuk ketiadaan kewajiban. Mustn't melarang dan don't have to berarti tidak perlu: You mustn't park here. You don't have to pay.
Tidak ada informasi pada tingkat saat ini. Tampilan ini dimulai dari A2: pilih A2 atau tingkat yang lebih tinggi.
Tidak ada informasi pada tingkat saat ini. Tampilan ini dimulai dari A2: pilih A2 atau tingkat yang lebih tinggi.
RingkasanA2
| Poin | Aturan | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bentuk: must | subjek + must + V; satu bentuk untuk semua subjek | She must study. | Dia harus belajar. |
| Bentuk: have to | have to, tetapi has to dengan he, she, it | We have to leave. / He has to leave. | Kami harus pergi. / Dia harus pergi. |
| Pertanyaan, negatif | have to memakai do / does / did lalu bentuk dasar | Do you have to leave? / She doesn't have to leave. | Apakah kamu harus pergi? / Dia tidak harus pergi. |
| must | pendapat penutur sendiri atau aturan tertulis | I must save more money. / Visitors must sign in. | Saya harus menabung lebih banyak uang. / Pengunjung wajib mengisi daftar hadir. |
| have to | situasi atau orang lain yang menentukan; umum dalam percakapan | I have to get up at six for work. | Saya harus bangun pukul enam untuk bekerja. |
| mustn't | dilarang | You mustn't use your phone here. | Kamu tidak boleh memakai ponsel di sini. |
| don't have to | tidak perlu: boleh memilih | You don't have to come. | Kamu tidak harus datang. |
| Jebakan | had to adalah bentuk past dari must | I had to work on Saturday. | Saya harus bekerja pada hari Sabtu. |
Bentuk: mustA2
| Bentuk | Pola | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Positif | subjek + must + V | She must study. |
| Negatif | subjek + mustn't + V | You mustn't touch it. |
| Pertanyaan | Must + subjek + V | Must I go now? |
- must memiliki satu bentuk untuk semua subjek dan diikuti bentuk dasar kata kerja: She must study. — Dia harus belajar.
- must tidak memiliki bentuk past. Bentuk past-nya adalah had to.
- Pertanyaan dengan must bersifat formal dan jarang. Percakapan lebih suka Do I have to…?
Bentuk: have toA2
| Bentuk | Pola | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Positif (I / you / we / they) | have to + V | We have to leave. |
| Positif (he / she / it) | has to + V | He has to leave. |
| Negatif | don't / doesn't have to + V | She doesn't have to leave. |
| Pertanyaan | Do / Does + subjek + have to + V | Do you have to leave? |
| Past | had to + V | I had to leave. |
| Negatif dan pertanyaan di past | didn't have to / Did … have to | Did you have to pay? |
- have to bekerja seperti kata kerja utama: dalam pertanyaan dan kalimat negatif memakai do / does / did.
- Setelah do / does / did kata kerja berbentuk dasar: Does she have to leave? — Apakah dia harus pergi?
Pelafalan: have to dan mustA2
| Bentuk | Bunyi | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| have to | /ˈhæf tə/ | I have to go. /aɪ ˈhæf tə ɡəʊ/ | Saya harus pergi. |
| has to | /ˈhæs tə/ | She has to go. /ʃi ˈhæs tə ɡəʊ/ | Dia harus pergi. |
| had to | /ˈhæd tə/ | We had to go. /wi ˈhæd tə ɡəʊ/ | Kami harus pergi. |
| mustn't | /ˈmʌsnt/ | You mustn't go. /juː ˈmʌsnt ɡəʊ/ | Kamu tidak boleh pergi. |
- Sebelum to bunyi akhir have berubah menjadi /f/, has menjadi /s/, dan had tetap /d/.
- Huruf t pertama pada mustn't tidak dibaca.
PenggunaanA2
| Penggunaan | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|
| Kewajiban pribadi: penutur yang menentukan (must) | I must save more money. | Saya harus menabung lebih banyak uang. |
| Aturan tertulis dan rambu (must) | Visitors must sign in. | Pengunjung wajib mengisi daftar hadir. |
| Anjuran kuat (must) | You must try this cake! | Kamu harus mencoba kue ini! |
| Kewajiban karena situasi atau orang lain (have to) | I have to get up at six for work. | Saya harus bangun pukul enam untuk bekerja. |
| Larangan (mustn't) | You mustn't use your phone here. | Kamu tidak boleh memakai ponsel di sini. |
| Tanpa kewajiban: tidak perlu (don't have to) | You don't have to come. | Kamu tidak harus datang. |
| Kewajiban di masa lalu (had to) | I had to work on Saturday. | Saya harus bekerja pada hari Sabtu. |
- must menyatakan pendapat penutur sendiri atau aturan tertulis; have to menyatakan hal-hal di luar penutur.
- Dalam percakapan sehari-hari have to lebih umum daripada must.
- Untuk saran yang bukan kewajiban, lihat Should.
Perbandingan: mustn't dan don't have toA2
| Poin | mustn't | don't have to |
|---|---|---|
| Arti | dilarang | tidak perlu: boleh memilih |
| Contoh | You mustn't tell Ana. It's a secret. — Kamu tidak boleh memberi tahu Ana. Itu rahasia. | You don't have to tell Ana. I can do it. — Kamu tidak perlu memberi tahu Ana. Saya bisa melakukannya. |
| Contoh | Children mustn't cross alone. — Anak-anak tidak boleh menyeberang sendirian. | Children don't have to wear a uniform. — Anak-anak tidak diwajibkan memakai seragam. |
Kesalahan umumA2
| ✗ | ✓ | Aturan |
|---|---|---|
| You don't must smoke here. | You mustn't smoke here. | negatif dari must adalah mustn't |
| She musts go. | She must go. | must tidak memakai -s |
| She must to go. | She must go. | must + kata kerja dasar; tanpa to |
| He have to work. | He has to work. | he / she / it → has to |
| Do I must go? | Do I have to go? / Must I go? | have to memakai do; must membentuk pertanyaannya sendiri |
| She doesn't has to work. | She doesn't have to work. | doesn't + bentuk dasar |
| I must work yesterday. | I had to work yesterday. | past dari must → had to |