Kalimat pasifB1
Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) menempatkan penerima tindakan di depan, untuk pelaku yang tidak diketahui atau tidak penting, proses, dan tulisan formal. Be berubah mengikuti tense, sedangkan past participle tetap sama: English is spoken here.
Tidak ada informasi pada tingkat saat ini. Tampilan ini dimulai dari B1: pilih B1 atau tingkat yang lebih tinggi.
Tidak ada informasi pada tingkat saat ini. Tampilan ini dimulai dari B1: pilih B1 atau tingkat yang lebih tinggi.
RingkasanB1
| Poin | Aturan | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bentuk | objek menjadi subjek; be + past participle | Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. → Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. | Shakespeare menulis Hamlet. → Hamlet ditulis oleh Shakespeare. |
| Simple Present | am / is / are + V-ed | English is spoken here. | Bahasa Inggris dipakai di sini. |
| Simple Past | was / were + V-ed | The bridge was built in 1990. | Jembatan itu dibangun pada 1990. |
| Present Perfect | has / have been + V-ed | The window has been broken. | Jendelanya sudah dipecahkan. |
| will, can, must | will / can / must be + V-ed | The results will be sent tomorrow. | Hasilnya akan dikirim besok. |
| Negatif, pertanyaan | negatif: be + not + V-ed; pertanyaan: be + subjek + V-ed | The room wasn't cleaned. / Was the room cleaned? | Kamar itu tidak dibersihkan. / Apakah kamar itu dibersihkan? |
| Penggunaan | pelaku tidak diketahui atau tidak penting, proses, berita, tulisan formal | My phone was stolen on the train. / Wine is made from grapes. | Ponsel saya dicuri di kereta. / Anggur dibuat dari buah anggur. |
| by / with | by menyebut pelaku yang baru atau penting; with menyebut alat | The song was written by Adele. | Lagu itu ditulis oleh Adele. |
| Jebakan | kata kerja tanpa objek tetap aktif: happen / arrive / die | The accident happened yesterday. | Kecelakaan itu terjadi kemarin. |
| Jebakan | pakai past participle: made, written, sold, taken | The window was broken. | Jendelanya pecah. |
Bentuk: dari aktif ke pasifB1
| Aktif | Pasif |
|---|---|
| Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. | Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. |
| They sell tickets online. | Tickets are sold online. |
- Objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek kalimat pasif.
- Kata kerjanya adalah be dalam tense yang sama dengan kata kerja aktif, ditambah past participle.
- Kata kerja yang memiliki objek dapat dijadikan pasif. happen, arrive, die dan sleep hanya memiliki bentuk aktif.
Bentuk: tenseB1
| Tense | Bentuk | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present simple | am / is / are + V-ed | English is spoken here. | Bahasa Inggris dipakai di sini. |
| Past simple | was / were + V-ed | The bridge was built in 1990. | Jembatan itu dibangun pada 1990. |
| Present perfect | has / have been + V-ed | The window has been broken. | Jendelanya sudah dipecahkan. |
| will | will be + V-ed | The results will be sent tomorrow. | Hasilnya akan dikirim besok. |
| can / must | can / must be + V-ed | The door must be locked. | Pintunya harus dikunci. |
- V-ed = past participle: made, written, sold, taken, built.
- Past participle tidak beraturan ada di Tabel kata kerja tidak beraturan.
Bentuk: kalimat negatif dan pertanyaanB1
| Jenis | Pola | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Negatif | be + not + V-ed | The room wasn't cleaned. |
| Pertanyaan | be + subjek + V-ed | Was the room cleaned? |
| Wh-question | kata tanya + be + subjek + V-ed | When was it built? |
- Kata kerja bantu pertama berpindah posisi: has it been fixed? / It hasn't been fixed.
Bentuk: by + pelakuB1
| Kata | Memperkenalkan | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|
| by | pelaku | The song was written by Adele. | Lagu itu ditulis oleh Adele. |
| with | alat atau bahan | The door was opened with a key. | Pintu itu dibuka dengan kunci. |
- by + pelaku diletakkan di akhir klausa.
- Pelaku ditambahkan bila merupakan informasi baru atau penting.
PenggunaanB1
| Penggunaan | Contoh | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|---|
| Pelaku tidak diketahui | My phone was stolen on the train. | Ponsel saya dicuri di kereta. |
| Pelaku sudah jelas atau tidak penting | The room is cleaned every day. | Kamar itu dibersihkan setiap hari. |
| Proses dan cara benda dibuat | Wine is made from grapes. | Anggur dibuat dari buah anggur. |
| Berita, pengumuman, dan tulisan formal | Two people were arrested last night. | Dua orang ditangkap tadi malam. |
| Penerima tindakan menjadi topik | Our teacher was given a prize. | Guru kami diberi hadiah. |
Kesalahan umumB1
| ✗ | ✓ | Aturan |
|---|---|---|
| English speaks here. | English is spoken here. | subjek menerima tindakan → be + V-ed |
| The bridge built in 1990. | The bridge was built in 1990. | kalimat pasif memerlukan be |
| The window was broke. | The window was broken. | pakai past participle |
| The accident was happened yesterday. | The accident happened yesterday. | happen, arrive dan die tidak memiliki bentuk pasif |
| The book was written from Orwell. | The book was written by Orwell. | pelaku → by |
| Was the room cleaned? — Yes, it cleaned. | Yes, it was. | jawaban singkat mengulang be |