Prepositions of Place and Time
A1–A2Prepositions 9 min
The prepositions en, a, de and their partners place people, things and events: en casa, a Lima, de nueve a cinco. Position takes en, and movement towards a place takes a: Estoy en Lima. Voy a Lima.
No information at the current level. This view starts at A1: choose A1 or a higher level.
No information at the current level. This view starts at A1: choose A1 or a higher level.
CheatsheetA1–A2
| Point | Rule | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| en | where something is: in, on, at | El libro está en la mesa. | The book is on the table. |
| a | where something goes: to | Voy a la playa. | I'm going to the beach. |
| de | where something comes from, and whose it is | Soy de Colombia. | I'm from Colombia. |
| al / del | a + el = al / de + el = del | Voy al cine. / Salgo del trabajo. | I'm going to the cinema. / I leave work. |
| A2Position | encima de / debajo de / delante de / detrás de / enfrente de | El gato está debajo de la cama. | The cat is under the bed. |
| al lado de / cerca de / lejos de / entre | next to, near, far from, between | Vivo cerca del centro. | I live near the centre. |
| Time | a a clock time; en a month, a season, a year | a las tres / en julio | at three / in July |
| Days | no preposition: el lunes, el 5 de mayo | Te veo el lunes. | See you on Monday. |
| de … a | from a start to an end in time | Trabajo de nueve a cinco. | I work from nine to five. |
| A2desde … hasta | from a start to an end, in time or space | Caminamos desde el parque hasta el río. | We walk from the park to the river. |
| A2Transport | en and the vehicle; a pie on foot | Voy en tren. / Voy a pie. | I go by train. / I go on foot. |
| con / sin | with, without | Un café con leche y sin azúcar. | A coffee with milk and without sugar. |
| Trap | llegar takes a: the place you reach | Llego a Lima mañana. | I arrive in Lima tomorrow. |
Place: en, a, deA1–A2
| Preposition | Use | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| en | where something is: in, on, at | Estoy en casa. | I'm at home. |
| en | inside something or on top of it | Las llaves están en la mesa. | The keys are on the table. |
| a | where something goes: to | Vamos a la playa. | We're going to the beach. |
| de | where something comes from: from | Soy de Chile. | I'm from Chile. |
| de | whose it is, what it is made of or about | la casa de Ana | Ana's house |
| A2de … a / desde … hasta | from a starting point to an end point | Caminamos desde el parque hasta el río. | We walk from the park to the river. |
- a and el join as al, and de and el as del: Voy al cine. / Salgo del trabajo. — I'm going to the cinema. / I leave work.
- Verbs of movement take a before the place they lead to: Llego a Lima mañana. — I arrive in Lima tomorrow.
- A2For por and para, see Por and Para.
PositionA1–A2
| Preposition | Meaning | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| A2encima de | on top of | El gato está encima de la mesa. | The cat is on the table. |
| A2debajo de | under | Los zapatos están debajo de la cama. | The shoes are under the bed. |
| A2delante de | in front of | Hay un árbol delante de la casa. | There's a tree in front of the house. |
| A2detrás de | behind | El jardín está detrás de la casa. | The garden is behind the house. |
| al lado de | next to | Vivo al lado del banco. | I live next to the bank. |
| A2enfrente de | opposite | La farmacia está enfrente de la escuela. | The pharmacy is opposite the school. |
| entre | between | La tienda está entre el banco y el café. | The shop is between the bank and the café. |
| cerca de | near | Vivo cerca del centro. | I live near the centre. |
| lejos de | far from | La playa está lejos de aquí. | The beach is far from here. |
| A2dentro de | inside | Las llaves están dentro de la caja. | The keys are inside the box. |
| A2fuera de | outside | Vive fuera de la ciudad. | She lives outside the city. |
- These phrases end in de, which joins el as del: La parada está al lado del banco. — The stop is next to the bank.
- entre takes two things joined by y, with no de.
- A2Latin America: Without a noun after them, adentro and afuera are the usual forms: Los niños juegan afuera. — The children are playing outside.
- A2Spain: Without a noun after them, dentro and fuera are the usual forms: Los niños juegan fuera. — The children are playing outside.
TimeA1–A2
| Preposition | Use | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | a clock time | La clase es a las diez. | The class is at ten. |
| en | a month, a season, a year | Mi cumpleaños es en junio. | My birthday is in June. |
| — | a day or a date, with el | Llego el lunes. | I arrive on Monday. |
| de … a | from one time to another | Trabajo de lunes a viernes. | I work from Monday to Friday. |
| A2desde | since a point in time | Vivo aquí desde 2020. | I've lived here since 2020. |
| A2hasta | until | Te espero hasta las ocho. | I'll wait for you until eight. |
| A2antes de / después de | before, after | Leo antes de dormir. | I read before going to sleep. |
- A2antes de and después de take a noun or an infinitive: después de la cena / después de comer — after dinner / after eating
- For clock times, see Telling the Time; for days and dates, Days, Months and Dates.
Transport and companyA1–A2
| Preposition | Use | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| A2en | a means of transport | Voy al trabajo en metro. | I go to work by underground. |
| A2a pie | on foot | Voy a la escuela a pie. | I walk to school. |
| con | with | Vivo con mis padres. | I live with my parents. |
| sin | without | Un café sin azúcar, por favor. | A coffee without sugar, please. |
A2
- con joins mí as conmigo and ti as contigo: ¿Vienes conmigo? — Are you coming with me?
Typical errorsA1–A2
| ✗ | ✓ | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| Voy en Madrid. | Voy a Madrid. | movement towards a place takes a |
| Estoy a casa. | Estoy en casa. | position takes en |
| Voy a el cine. | Voy al cine. | a and el join as al |
| Vengo de el trabajo. | Vengo del trabajo. | de and el join as del |
| La tienda está al lado el banco. | La tienda está al lado del banco. | al lado de keeps its de |
| Te veo en el lunes. | Te veo el lunes. | a day takes no preposition |
| Llego en Lima mañana. | Llego a Lima mañana. | llegar takes a, where English says arrive in |
| A2Voy en pie. | Voy a pie. | on foot is a pie |