English

Prepositions of Place and Time

A1–A2Prepositions 9 min

The prepositions en, a, de and their partners place people, things and events: en casa, a Lima, de nueve a cinco. Position takes en, and movement towards a place takes a: Estoy en Lima. Voy a Lima.

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CheatsheetA1–A2

PointRuleExampleEnglish
enwhere something is: in, on, atEl libro está en la mesa.The book is on the table.
awhere something goes: toVoy a la playa.I'm going to the beach.
dewhere something comes from, and whose it isSoy de Colombia.I'm from Colombia.
al / dela + el = al / de + el = delVoy al cine. / Salgo del trabajo.I'm going to the cinema. / I leave work.
A2Positionencima de / debajo de / delante de / detrás de / enfrente deEl gato está debajo de la cama.The cat is under the bed.
al lado de / cerca de / lejos de / entrenext to, near, far from, betweenVivo cerca del centro.I live near the centre.
Timea a clock time; en a month, a season, a yeara las tres / en julioat three / in July
Daysno preposition: el lunes, el 5 de mayoTe veo el lunes.See you on Monday.
de … afrom a start to an end in timeTrabajo de nueve a cinco.I work from nine to five.
A2desde … hastafrom a start to an end, in time or spaceCaminamos desde el parque hasta el río.We walk from the park to the river.
A2Transporten and the vehicle; a pie on footVoy en tren. / Voy a pie.I go by train. / I go on foot.
con / sinwith, withoutUn café con leche y sin azúcar.A coffee with milk and without sugar.
Trapllegar takes a: the place you reachLlego a Lima mañana.I arrive in Lima tomorrow.

Place: en, a, deA1–A2

PrepositionUseExampleEnglish
enwhere something is: in, on, atEstoy en casa.I'm at home.
eninside something or on top of itLas llaves están en la mesa.The keys are on the table.
awhere something goes: toVamos a la playa.We're going to the beach.
dewhere something comes from: fromSoy de Chile.I'm from Chile.
dewhose it is, what it is made of or aboutla casa de AnaAna's house
A2de … a / desde … hastafrom a starting point to an end pointCaminamos desde el parque hasta el río.We walk from the park to the river.
  • a and el join as al, and de and el as del: Voy al cine. / Salgo del trabajo. — I'm going to the cinema. / I leave work.
  • Verbs of movement take a before the place they lead to: Llego a Lima mañana. — I arrive in Lima tomorrow.
  • A2For por and para, see Por and Para.

PositionA1–A2

PrepositionMeaningExampleEnglish
A2encima deon top ofEl gato está encima de la mesa.The cat is on the table.
A2debajo deunderLos zapatos están debajo de la cama.The shoes are under the bed.
A2delante dein front ofHay un árbol delante de la casa.There's a tree in front of the house.
A2detrás debehindEl jardín está detrás de la casa.The garden is behind the house.
al lado denext toVivo al lado del banco.I live next to the bank.
A2enfrente deoppositeLa farmacia está enfrente de la escuela.The pharmacy is opposite the school.
entrebetweenLa tienda está entre el banco y el café.The shop is between the bank and the café.
cerca denearVivo cerca del centro.I live near the centre.
lejos defar fromLa playa está lejos de aquí.The beach is far from here.
A2dentro deinsideLas llaves están dentro de la caja.The keys are inside the box.
A2fuera deoutsideVive fuera de la ciudad.She lives outside the city.
  • These phrases end in de, which joins el as del: La parada está al lado del banco. — The stop is next to the bank.
  • entre takes two things joined by y, with no de.
  • A2Latin America: Without a noun after them, adentro and afuera are the usual forms: Los niños juegan afuera. — The children are playing outside.
  • A2Spain: Without a noun after them, dentro and fuera are the usual forms: Los niños juegan fuera. — The children are playing outside.

TimeA1–A2

PrepositionUseExampleEnglish
aa clock timeLa clase es a las diez.The class is at ten.
ena month, a season, a yearMi cumpleaños es en junio.My birthday is in June.
—a day or a date, with elLlego el lunes.I arrive on Monday.
de … afrom one time to anotherTrabajo de lunes a viernes.I work from Monday to Friday.
A2desdesince a point in timeVivo aquí desde 2020.I've lived here since 2020.
A2hastauntilTe espero hasta las ocho.I'll wait for you until eight.
A2antes de / después debefore, afterLeo antes de dormir.I read before going to sleep.
  • A2antes de and después de take a noun or an infinitive: después de la cena / después de comer — after dinner / after eating
  • For clock times, see Telling the Time; for days and dates, Days, Months and Dates.

Transport and companyA1–A2

PrepositionUseExampleEnglish
A2ena means of transportVoy al trabajo en metro.I go to work by underground.
A2a pieon footVoy a la escuela a pie.I walk to school.
conwithVivo con mis padres.I live with my parents.
sinwithoutUn café sin azúcar, por favor.A coffee without sugar, please.
A2
  • con joins mí as conmigo and ti as contigo: ¿Vienes conmigo? — Are you coming with me?

Typical errorsA1–A2

✗✓Rule
Voy en Madrid.Voy a Madrid.movement towards a place takes a
Estoy a casa.Estoy en casa.position takes en
Voy a el cine.Voy al cine.a and el join as al
Vengo de el trabajo.Vengo del trabajo.de and el join as del
La tienda está al lado el banco.La tienda está al lado del banco.al lado de keeps its de
Te veo en el lunes.Te veo el lunes.a day takes no preposition
Llego en Lima mañana.Llego a Lima mañana.llegar takes a, where English says arrive in
A2Voy en pie.Voy a pie.on foot is a pie

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