Personal PronounsA0–A1

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Subject, object and possessive forms of the personal pronouns: I, me, my, mine. English always states the subject, even with weather and time: It is cold.

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CheatsheetA0–A1

Point	Pronouns	Rule	Example
Subject	I / you / he / she / it / we / they	goes before the verb	She's a teacher.
A1Object	me / you / him / her / it / us / them	goes after a verb or a preposition	Can you help me?
Possessive + noun	my / your / his / her / its / our / their	goes before a noun, with no article	My name is Tom.
A1Possessive alone	mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs	stands alone, without a noun	This bag is mine.
Weather, time	it	no real subject: it fills the place	It's cold today.
Trap	its	its has no apostrophe; it's = it is	The dog wants its food.
A1Trap	yours / hers / ours / theirs	no apostrophe	Is this yours?

OverviewA1

Subject before the verb, object after it, possessive before a noun or alone: We like them. Their house is next to ours.

Form: subject pronounsA0

Pronoun	Refers to	Example
I	the speaker	I'm Tom.
you	the listener or listeners	You're late.
he	a man or a boy	He's my brother.
she	a woman or a girl	She's a teacher.
it	a thing or an animal	It's new.
we	the speaker and others	We're from Spain.
they	people or things	They're here.

I is always a capital letter: Tom and I.
you is one word for one or many people, friends or strangers.
we and they have no gender: they = men, women or things.
Pets often take he or she: Max is our dog. He's two.

Form: object pronounsA1

The object pronoun goes after the verb or after a preposition.

Subject	Object	Example
I	me	Can you help me?
you	you	I love you.
he	him	I know him.
she	her	Call her later.
it	it	I like it.
we	us	Come with us.
they	them	I see them every day.

Short answers and answers with be take the object form: Who's there? — It's me. / Me too.

Form: my, your, his…A0–A1

my, your, his… go before a noun and show the owner.

Subject	Possessive	Example
I	my	My name is Tom.
you	your	What's your name?
he	his	His car is red.
she	her	Her car is blue.
it	its	The dog is in its bed.
we	our	Our flat is small.
they	their	Their children are at school.

his or her depends on the owner: Tom and his sister, Ana and her brother.
The possessive never changes for the thing: my book, my books.
No article before it: my car.
its has no apostrophe; it's = it is.
A1Body parts and clothes take a possessive: I wash my hands. / Take off your coat.

Form: mine, yours, his…A1

mine, yours, his… stand alone, without a noun.

+ noun	Alone	Example
my	mine	This bag is mine.
your	yours	Is this yours?
his	his	The red car is his.
her	hers	The blue one is hers.
our	ours	This table is ours.
their	theirs	The house is theirs.

No noun after it and no article before it: It's mine.
No apostrophe: yours, hers, ours, theirs.
a friend of mine = one of my friends: Ana is a friend of mine.

It for weather, time and distanceA0–A1

Weather, time and distance have no real subject. it fills the place.

Use	Example
Weather	It's cold today.
Time	It's five o'clock.
Days and dates	It's Monday.
A1Distance	It's two kilometres to the station.
A1it + be + adjective + to + V	It's easy to cook pasta.

Typical errorsA0–A1

✗	✓	Rule
The dog wants it's food.	The dog wants its food.	its = possessive; it's = it is
A1I know he.	I know him.	after the verb: object form
A1The bag is my.	The bag is mine.	no noun after it → mine
A1Is this your's?	Is this yours?	no apostrophe